Presence of radon in the home, what are the risks?
Recent scientific studies have confirmed a risk of lung cancer linked to the presence of radon in certain homes. These findings have prompted the federal government to partner with the provinces and territories. Their goal is to raise awareness among citizens about the risks associated with radon and how to protect themselves against it.
Radon in your home and the risk of developing lung cancer
Lung cancer is deadly, and it’s often associated with smoking. However, tobacco isn’t the only culprit. Exposure to radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer. It is estimated that in Quebec, approximately 10% of lung cancer deaths are linked to radon exposure, representing more than 600 deaths per year.
What is radon?
Radon is a radioactive gas that comes from uranium in the Earth’s crust. It is everywhere, but its concentration varies from place to place. Radon can seep into homes through cracks or openings in the basement. It is odorless, colorless, and tasteless. Radon is measured in units of becquerels per cubic meter of air (Bq/m3).
Where is it found?
Although radon is not very present outdoors, it can accumulate in large quantities indoors. Generally, concentrations range between 30 and 100 Bq/m3. However, in some cases, very high levels can reach levels that can exceed the Health Canada guideline of 200 Bq/m3. Radon is heavier than air and is found in less ventilated rooms such as basements, where the average concentration is around 35 Bq/m3.
Here are some of the ways radon can enter the home:
cracks in the concrete slab and foundation
sump pits
crawl spaces
openings around exhaust ducts
The presence of radon in the home also depends on these factors:
radon concentration in the soil
poor ventilation
high airtightness of the home
negative pressure in the building envelope
What are the risks associated with radon?
Radon is classified as a “proven human carcinogen” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). As a gas, it enters the lungs with the air we breathe and attacks the bronchial tubes and lungs. This is the main reason why we must be vigilant.
How to protect ourselves?
To reduce the risk of lung cancer related to radon, the first thing to do is to refrain from smoking. Smokers exposed to radon see their risk of developing lung cancer significantly increase. In fact, 60% of radon-related lung cancer deaths occur among smokers, 30% among ex-smokers, and 10% among non-smokers.
We can measure the radon concentration in our homes and take steps to reduce the level.
Who should we call to get tested?
Health Canada recommends the National Radon Proficiency Program in Canada. You can visit their website to find a certified professional. To determine the radon concentration in your home, you must test with a specific measuring device. You cannot rely on the results of neighboring houses, as concentrations can vary greatly from one house to another.
Since radon concentrations can vary, it is recommended to test over several months for a more accurate measurement. Values are generally higher in winter than in summer.
What should you do if the test reveals a high radon level?
If the test shows a high radon level, there are several things you can do to sufficiently reduce the level:
Seal cracks in slabs
Install waterproof covers on sumps
Install pressure relief systems
Install a ventilation system
We encourage you to take care of yourself and your loved ones and get tested to see if you have radon in your home.
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